Journal of
Medicinal Plants Research

  • Abbreviation: J. Med. Plants Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0875
  • DOI: 10.5897/JMPR
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 3860

Full Length Research Paper

Pharmacological properties of the ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of the stem of Salvia splendens

Lydia Tima Sarfo-Mainoo
  • Lydia Tima Sarfo-Mainoo
  • Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sunyani Technical University, Bono, Ghana.
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Akwasi Acheampong
  • Akwasi Acheampong
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Kennedy Ameyaw Baah
  • Kennedy Ameyaw Baah
  • Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Wesley College of Education, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Cedric Dzidzor Amengor
  • Cedric Dzidzor Amengor
  • School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
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Adolf Oti-Boakye
  • Adolf Oti-Boakye
  • Department of Food and Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Applied Science Technology, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua, Ghana.
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Judith Odei Owusu-Asante
  • Judith Odei Owusu-Asante
  • Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Wood Industry, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (CSIR-FORIG), Fumesua, Ashanti, Ghana.
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Patrick Buah
  • Patrick Buah
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
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Charity Class-Peters
  • Charity Class-Peters
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Bennet Gyan
  • Bennet Gyan
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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  •  Received: 19 April 2025
  •  Accepted: 03 October 2025
  •  Published: 30 November 2025

Abstract

Salvia splendens is used in treating diabetes mellitus, colds, coughs, dysentery, and wounds. This study aimed to perform phytochemical analysis and some bioactivities of the ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of the stem of S. splendens. Phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods. The in vitro anthelmintic assay was determined using Lumbricus terrestris, and the anti-inflammatory assay was also done using the egg albumin denaturation method. The antimicrobial study was performed using the broth microdilution method. The phytochemical analysis detected these constituents: flavonoids, saponins, phenols, triterpenoids, phytosterols, glycosides, and coumarins. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values (µgAAE/100 g) obtained for the ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts were 44.1025 ± 5.5985 and 279.9227 ± 10.2572, respectively. The IC50 values (DPPH - µg/ml) obtained were 58.92 ± 0.061, 142.60 ± 0.153, and 286.30 ± 0.057 for the standard (Diclofenac), ethanolic, and petroleum extracts, respectively. The petroleum extract showed higher activity in the in vitro anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant (TAC) assays. The ethanolic extract also showed higher activity in the DPPH and antimicrobial assays. The antimicrobial results also showed that both extracts inhibit the growth of the tested microorganisms. The results obtained from this study proved that both the ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts exhibited bioactivities.

Key words: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, phytochemical, Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy.

Copyright © 2026 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.

This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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