In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome, callus and callus treated with some elicitors
May 2019
This study evaluated the effect of ginger rhizome and its callus as well as callus elicited by yeast extract, glycine and salicylic acid on the production of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines in vitro. Petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform; methanol (1:1) (CM) extracts of rhizome and callus were shown to significantly (P < 0.05) suppress in a...
Antihistaminic action of Melaleuca armillaris ointment
May 2019
Melaleuca oil has great medicinal properties. The objective is to develop a product based on Melaleuca armillaris to evaluate its antihistaminic action and to compare the antihistaminic effect and protective effect of M. armillaris oil and ointment. Pruritus intensity was assessed at sensitization points. Eighty volunteers, aged between 21 and 60 years (male and female) participated in the study, without...
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Aframomum citratum, Aframomum daniellii, Piper capense and Monodora myristica
May 2019
This study was initiated to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from four Cameroonian spices and to determine the therapeutic effect of a cream based on essential oil from Aframomum citratum. Essential oils were extracted from seeds by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The broth microdilution method was used...
Cytotoxicity of selected Ethiopian medicinal plants used in traditional breast cancer treatment against breast-derived cell lines
May 2019
Traditional medicine is widely practiced in Ethiopia. Here we investigate the toxicity of extracts of seven medicinal plants traditionally used to treat breast cancer in Ethiopia. These plants, Sideroxylon oxyacanthum, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Clematis simensis, Clematis longicauda, Dovyalis abyssinica, Vernonia leopoldi, and Clerodendrum myricoides, were selected based on recommendations by traditional healers and on the...
Ethnobotanical survey and phytogeographical study of plants species from genus Acacia in Bénin
May 2019
The genus Acacia, mainly distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions, has been used in traditional medicines for the treatment of microbial infections, malaria, diarrhea, oedema and inflammation. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive data on the distribution and medicinal use of Acacia species. Ethnobotanical survey and phytogeographical study were undertook using field interviews. Informant...
Isolation and identification of compounds with dioxin-induced AhR transformation inhibitory activity from the leaves of Mallotus japonicus (Thunb.) Muell. Arg.
April 2019
The solvent extracts of 368 plant parts from 191 different species cultivated in Tsukuba (Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan) were previously screened for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transformation inhibitory activity. It was observed that the leaf extract of Mallotus japonicus had strong activity. To clarify the antidioxin phytochemical, a 70% acetone extraction from the leaves was fractionated with three kinds of solvent...
Genus Etlingera - A review on chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils
April 2019
Essential oil from plants belonging to several species has been extensively used as natural resources in the prevention and treatment of a large number of diseases. The medicinal and aromatic plants of genus Etlingera produces high percentages of essential oil from its every organ and is recommended for a variety of health problems by traditional systems of medicine in south-east Asia. Essential oils from this genus...
Cytotoxic potential of 14 Passiflora species against cancer cells
April 2019
This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potential against cancer cells of Passiflora genus plant species cultivated in Brazil and identify the mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the most promising extract. Ethanolic extracts from the leaves of 14 Passiflora species were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluated against cancer cell lines using MTT assay at a single concentration...
Bio-guided identification of antiglycative constituents from the leaves of Mangifera indica L.
March 2019
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been shown to be implicated in many degenerative disorders as well as diabetic pathology. Of interest, several natural compounds including phenolic constituents are capable of inhibiting the formation of AGEs. Bio-guided fractionation of a methanol extract from Mangifera indica leaves led to the characterization of six antiglycative constituents including gallic acid (1),...
Edraianthus pumilio (Schult.) A. DC.: Phytochemical and biological profile
March 2019
Edraianthus pumilio is stenoendemic plant native to Dalmatia, Croatia. This paper deals with its phytochemical and biological profile. Phytochemical profile of volatile oil was performed by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), while total phenolic content of its aqueous extract was performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The phytochemical analysis showed that the main volatile oil compounds were nonanal...
Protective effects of Pleurotus ostreatus in ameliorating carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) induced liver injury in Wistar rats
March 2019
Since oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, this study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective, hematoprotective and hypolipidemic effects of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) in Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury in wistar rats. Thirty rats were used for this study. The rats were divided into five groups of six rats per cage. Group I that served as the normal...
Identification of annotated metabolites in the extract of Centella asiatica
March 2019
Plants contribute to 75% of molecular medicines (MM) either directly or indirectly. Centella asiatica (CA) is being extensively used in experimental and clinical studies. However, its scientific approval is not forthcoming. It is well known that every plant contains useful as well as some harmful compounds. Subjecting whole plant extracts containing harmful compounds to modern pharmacological methods will only...
Essential oil composition, antifungal activity and leaf anatomy of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) from Brazilian Chaco
February 2019
This study aims to determine the essential oil chemical composition of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson collected in the Brazilian Chaco where plants grow in conditions of high temperatures in the summer, periodic flood, low temperatures and air humidity in the winter. We also evaluate the oil antifungal activity against the animal and plant pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A....
Determination of concentration of some essential and heavy metals in roots of Moringa stenopetala using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy
February 2019
This study is aimed at determination of concentration of essential (Ca, K, Na and Mg) and heavy (Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Cu and Zn) metals using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) of samples taken from fresh roots of Moringa stenopetala. A wet digestion method involving use of mixture of (HCl and HNO3, ratio 3:1) and 10 ml of 30% H2O2 at an optimum temperature and time duration was deployed during sample preparations....
Aristolochic acids in herbal medicine: Public health concerns for consumption and poor regulation of botanical products in Nigeria and West Africa
February 2019
Aristolochic acids are naturally occurring biomolecules found in plants of the genus Aristolochia and Asarum belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. They are reported to be carcinogenic and nephrotoxic; and are implicated in kidney diseases, aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) which may result in kidney failure, other health complications and possibly death. Aristolochic acids are highly genotoxic and are linked to...
In vitro effect and scanning electron microscopic changes of Nigella sativa loaded chitosan nanoparticles on Schistosoma mansoni adult
February 2019
Nanoparticles can act as drug carriers that can modulate pharmacokinetics, increase bioavailability and target release with minimal toxic effects. The present work aimed to assess the therapeutic effect and electron microscopic changes of Nigella sativa loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (NSLCN) on adult Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. Adult worms were removed from the portal and mesenteric veins of infected mice after 90...
Effect of hormones on the seed germination of Bupleurum species
February 2019
In Asia, Radix Bupleuri (Bupleurum spp. root) is an important medicine used for treating many diseases over the past 2000 years. However, its cultivation is difficult due to poor germination rates and loss of seedling viability shortly after seeding. In the present study, the effect of 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA), daminozide, gibberellin (GA3), paclobutrazol, uniconazole, and mepiquat chloride (MC) on the germination of...
Exploring the anticoagulant and antiplatelet effect of the extracts of the red marine alga Acanthophora spicifera
January 2019
Cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of death and morbidity in the world. An uncontrolled activation of the coagulation cascade and platelet aggregation may lead to the formation of thrombi. Antithrombotic drugs have limitations and may produce side effects, and consequently, alternative therapies have been extensively investigated. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate anticoagulant and antiplatelet...
Antibacterial potential of extracts of the roots of Zingiber officinale against bacterial strains commonly associated with nosocomial infections
January 2019
Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, has been used as a medicinal plant for decades for medical and culinary purposes. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial potential of ginger root extracts using the Kirby-Bayer agar diffusion method to compare the zones of inhibition of the extracts to those of synthetic antibiotics against five clinical bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas...
Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by indigenous people in Tenta District, South Wollo, Ethiopia
January 2019
Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants was conducted in Tenta District, South Wollo, Ethiopia from December 2016 to May 2017. Data were collected using guided field walk, semi-structured interview, group discussion and direct field observation. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and response compared with chi-square test. The results documented 121 species of medicinal plants under 98 genera and 53...
Protective potential of Avena sativa seed mucilaginous extract against hyperlipidemia indicated by improved biomarkers and histopathology
January 2019
Hyperlipidemia is one of the major health concerns worldwide. The present study aimed at utilizing clinicopathological tools to investigate the possible improving effect of Avena sativa mucilaginous extract (ASE) on lipid metabolic and liver function profiles in albino rats. The rats were rendered hyperlipidemic by 6-week supplementation of high-fat diet ad libitum. The rats were grouped into seven groups; with...
Assessment of antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Picralima nitida seed extracts
January 2019
The study investigated the antioxidant potential as well as the inhibitory potential of the seed extracts of Picralima nitida on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The methanolic, aqueous and coconut water extracts were obtained using 70% methanol, distilled water and coconut water, respectively. Antioxidant properties were studied in vitro using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-pricrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging,...
Utilization, cultivation practice and economic role of medicinal plants in Debre Markos Town, East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
January 2019
Medicinal plants are useful for primary healthcare as a remedy for diseases and injury, while they are also used traditionally as food and beverages. Despite the wide role of medicinal plant, traditional utilization and management practices are not well documented in Debre Markos Town. Thus, this study was conducted to assess utilization and cultivation practice of the medicinal plants and to identify commonly used...
Medicinal plant use and conservation practices by communities in the Togo Plateau Forest Reserve, Ghana
December 2018
The use of plants for medicine has constituted an important aspect of primary healthcare delivery system of people throughout the world for many centuries. Nonetheless, information on medicinal plants and their conservation are still lacking in some areas, including the Togo Plateau Forest Reserve in Ghana. This paper investigates the ethnobotany of the Togo Plateau Forest Reserve, Ghana, to document the traditional...
Evaluation of cytotoxic and antitumor activity of perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide
December 2018
The study aimed to evaluate cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of perillaldehyde 1,2-epoxide (PE), a p-menthane monoterpene derivative against four human tumor cell lines ovarian cancer (OVCAR-8), colon carcinoma (HCT-116), glioblastoma (SF-295) and leukemia (HL-60) using the colorimetric MTT assay. PE showed a high degree of inhibition of cell proliferation (GI = 95.66 to 99.71%) and IC50 16.14 μM (± 1.86),...
Diversity and use of wild edible plants by migratory shepherds in the Himachal Pradesh of the Western Himalayas, India
December 2018
The present study was carried out in Himachal Pradesh of the Western Himalayas, India to obtain information on the wild edible plants used by the migratory shepherds. The shepherds started their migration in July from Chitkul, Rakchham, Batseri, Sangla and Kamru of district Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh). Questionnaire for the survey, personal field visits and participatory observations were used to collect information...
Ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used to treat diseases in selected districts of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
December 2018
This study was conducted in four districts of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess medicinal plants found in Menz gera, Siyadebirna Wayu, Antsokiya gemza and Bugna districts, Amhara region, Ethiopia. The ethnobotanical surveys were carried out from September 2017 to June 2018 using a semi-structured checklist consisting of questions or issues prepared in advance. Two separate questionnaires were...
Selenium-enriched polysaccharides from pyracantha fortuneana (Se-PFPs) augment docetaxel-induced tumor suppression in human ovarian cancer
December 2018
Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) contains many healthy ingredients, including selenium-enriched polysaccharides. Selenium-enriched polysaccharides from P. fortuneana (Se-PFPs) have anti-mutation and anti-oxidation activities, along with anti-tumor activity in ovarian cancer and breast cancer cells. Docetaxel (DTX) is widely applied in therapeutic treatment for ovarian cancer. However, its use in clinics is restricted due...
Comparative analysis of capsaicin in twenty nine varieties of unexplored Capsicum and its antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens
December 2018
In this study, the capsaicin content of chile pepper extracts from 29 unexplored varieties of Capsicum (twenty five varieties of Capsicum chinense and five of Capsicum annuum) was quantified and correlated with the antimicrobial potential against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The capsaicin content and bactericidal activity against numerous human pathogens (Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes,...
Hepato-protective potentials of Sterculia setigera stem-bark extract on acetominophen induced hepato toxicity in Wistar albino rats
December 2018
The study was set to investigate the potency of stem bark extract of Sterculia setigera as a hepato-protective agent against acute administration (overdose) of acetaminophen in experimental animals. Experimental animals were grouped into six treatments with each group containing five rats. Group 1 was the placebo, Group II was the standard treatment orally administered acetaminophen at a dosage of 250 mg/kgbw and...
Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial and combinational effects of medicinal plants used by Bapedi traditional healers to prepare herbal mixtures
December 2018
The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological activities of some plant species used in the preparation of herbal mixtures and determine the combinational effects. The plant materials were collected from traders who use them to prepare herbal mixtures claimed to be blood purifiers, pain-relievers, anti-diarrheal and aphrodisiac medicines. An aqueous decoction of each plant species was prepared. Thin layer...
In vivo efficacy of Dialium guineense fruit pulp on hemeoxygenase-1 and angiotensin converting enzyme in experimental diabetes
November 2018
The study aims to investigate the effect of aqueous fruit pulp of Dialium guineense on hemeoxygenase, and insulin release, inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and possible hypoglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twenty four male Wistar rats were grouped into control, diabetic (Dm), diabetic + 300 mg/kg body weight Dialium guineese (Dm+ DG) and diabetic + 100 mg/kg metformin (Dm +MET). Apart...
Evaluation of the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and anti-radical activities of Mitracarpus scaber (Rubiaceae)
November 2018
Mitracarpus scaber is a medicinal plant used in traditional practices for the treatment of dermatoses and liver diseases. The objective of this study was to quantify the content of phenolic compounds and to evaluate the anti-radical and antimicrobial activities of four types of its total extracts on ten microbial strains. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine total phenol content, condensed tannin content by...
Bio-guided anti-cariogenic and phytochemical valorization of Guiera senegalensis and Pseudocedrela kotschyi stem extracts
November 2018
The objective of the present study is to carry out bio-guided phytochemical investigation of Guiera senegalensis and Pseudocedrela kotschyi stem extracts. The two plants are used as toothpicks for oral hygiene. The inhibition test revealed a bacteriostatic effect of hexane extract PK1 of P. kotschyi against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 20560, two bacterial cariogenic strains, with a...
Evaluation of herbal cocktail used in the treatment of malaria on liver tissue of adult Wistar rats
November 2018
Interest is renewed in herbal medicine since it is believed it has less side effects and is safer. In addition, there has been continued demand to obtain more drugs from plant sources to alleviate various ailments of mankind. This study is aimed at investigating the antimalarial activity in an herbal cocktail and individual plant extracts contained on Plasmodium berghei in infected Wistar rats. Thirty five Wistar rats...
Effect of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum on acetaminophen induced renal toxicity in male wistar rats
November 2018
The need for an alternative means of managing renal toxicity has become necessary instead of kidney transplant. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum (AEOG) on acetaminophen (ACE) induced renal toxicity. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were assigned into five groups (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) with five rats in each group. Group 1 served as the normal control and received normal saline as...
A review on the botanical aspects, phytochemical contents and pharmacological activities of Warburgia ugandensis
November 2018
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Family Canellacea) commonly known as Ugandan greenheart or pepper bark tree, is a highly valued medicinal plant in traditional medicine with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity whose parts especially the leaves and stem bark have for long been used in the treatment and management of many diseases and health conditions such as stomachache, cough, toothache, fever, malaria, oral...
Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Albizia anthelmintica as a medicinal plant on pathogenic veterinary isolates
November 2018
Albizia anthelmintica is a medicinal plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is widely used by smallholder farmers and pastoralists to treat internal parasites in their livestock. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of A. anthelmintica on pathogenic veterinary isolates. 100% hexane (He100), 100% chloroform (Ch100), 100% ethanol (E100), and 70% ethanol (E70) extracts of the roots...
In vitro antibacterial and antidiarraheic activity of root bark extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (Combretaceae) during an experimental bacterial diarrhea induced by Escherichia coli extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in albino Wistar rats
November 2018
The present study was conducted to investigate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of the root bark extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill. & Perr, in Escherichia coli extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-induced diarrhea in rat. The antibacterial activity was performed in vitro by determining the inhibition zone using standard agar diffusion method as well as in vivo on E. coli infected Wistar...
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of ethanolic extracts of Elateriospermum tapos Blume (Euphorbiaceae)
November 2018
Phytochemicals possessing free radical scavenging and antiproliferative activities play an important role in cancer chemoprevention. In this study, the ethanolic extracts prepared from fresh and dried leaves, bark, and seed skin of Pra (Elateriospermum tapos Blume.) were tested for their antioxidant activity using a ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. The antiproliferative activities against four human...
In vivo antitumor effect of the aqueous extract of Punica granatum in the sarcoma 180 murine model
October 2018
Punica granatum, specifically the fruit, has a long ethno medical history and is a phytochemical reservoir of great medicinal value. The phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of all P. granatum components suggest a wide range of clinical applications. The aim of the present study is to investigate the anticancer potential of aqueous extract of P. granatum (AEPG) in experimental models. The chemical composition of...
Effects of methanolic calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on body weight, blood cholesterol and liver marker enzymes in Wistar rats
October 2018
Eighty male albino rats were used to investigate the effects of methanolic calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on body weight, blood cholesterol and liver enzymes markers. Twenty-eight days oral administration of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight of the extract showed a significant (p<0.05) time-dependent decrease in the body weights of all the treated groups when compared with the control, with 100 mg/kg...
Knowledge of medicinal plants used by residents in two peripheral districts of Boa Vista, Roraima, Northern Brazilian Amazon: Phytotherapy as a new strategy in collective health
October 2018
The aim of the study was to describe local knowledge about the use of medicinal plants cited by study participants, as well as to examine how phytotherapy serves as an important strategy of integrative and complementary practice in coping with health problems. The research is characterized as an exploratory study of the descriptive type. Non-probabilistic snowball sampling generated a sample of one hundred and ten...
Antiviral effect of the seaweed Osmundaria obtusiloba against the Zika virus
October 2018
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne member of the family Flaviviridae, is a human pathogen of global significance. Recently, ZIKV, has become a public health problem with increases in numbers of cases and a strong association between ZIKV outbreaks and the spread of cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome and microcephaly. In this study, the extracts of the seaweed Osmundaria obtusiloba (O. obtusiloba) (native to the...
Malaria parasite clearance rate of crude methanol extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei
October 2018
This study aims to determine the malaria parasite clearance rate of crude methanol extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta in mice infected with chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. P. berghei was injected in mice and left for 3 days for establishment. Blood sample collected and diluted with phosphate buffer saline was used for infection. Five (5) groups of animals (mice) were used in this study each...
Chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities of the wood extracts of Tabebuia avellanedae from the Cerrado of Brazil
October 2018
Tabebuia avellanedae is an important timber source belonging to the family of Bignoniaceae. The latter is known for its richness in terms of variety of bioactive chemical constituents, and it has been used in folk medicine for treatment of various diseases. The aim of this work was to investigate the chemical composition, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activities of the wood extracts of T. avellanedae from the...
Antioxidant activity of extracts from Schinus molle L. and Gleditsia triacanthos L.
September 2018
Methanolic and chloroform extracts obtained from various parts of Schinus molle and Gleditsia triacanthos were evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The methanolic extracts from S. molle showed scavenging activity ranging from 35.97±1.02 to 83.38±2.74%, while the chloroform seed extract showed relatively weak scavenging activity ranging from 8.20±1.02 to 68.82±3.17%. The IC50 values of...
Medicinal plants used for the management of hepatic ailments in Katsina State, Nigeria
September 2018
People in Katsina State, Nigeria have been using medicinal plants to cure several ailments associated with liver since time immemorial; however the use of such plants was never documented. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted to document the medicinal plants used for the management of hepatic ailments in Katsina State, Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire method was adopted to interview 150...
Evaluation of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of fractions from selected medicinal plants used traditionally for treating cough and respiratory disorders in South West of Nigeria
September 2018
Tuberculosis is a contagious airborne infection that mostly affects the lungs. The causative agent of tuberculosis in human is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The emergence and dissemination of M. tuberculosis isolates that are resistant to multiple antimicrobial drugs represent a growing public health threat. Fractions from Alafia barteri, Chasmanthera dependence, Chrysophyllum albidum, Emilia coccinea, Mezoneuron...
A comparative study of the histopathological modifications of adrenal gland in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats administered with selected herbal plants versus Glimepiride
September 2018
This study investigated the comparative study of four herbal extract versus Glimepiride on the histomorphological modification of adrenal gland in STZ induced diabetic rats with a view to understanding their antidiabetic properties. Forty- two healthy adult Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) with an average weight of 153.4 g were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6). STZ (65 mg/kg) dissolved in citrate buffer was...
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