<!DOCTYPE article
  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.0 20040830//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/2.0/journalpublishing.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="2.0" xml:lang="EN">
  <front>    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title>Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2141-2529</issn>      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Academic Journals</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5897/JVMAH2016.0459</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title><![CDATA[A cross-sectional study on bovine Schistosomiasis in and around Kemissie,Dawa Cheffa District]]></article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Alemu</surname>
            <given-names>Aylate</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Mohammed</surname>
            <given-names>Hussen</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Alebachew</surname>
            <given-names>Tilahun</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Ashenafi</surname>
            <given-names>Kiros</given-names>
	          </name>	
        	        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
		<corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">wsusvm2014@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
      	<day>03</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <history>
      			<date date-type="received">
			<day>31</day>
			<month>01</month>
			<year>2016</year>
		</date>
						<date date-type="accepted">
			<day>23</day>
			<month>09</month>
			<year>2016</year>
		</date>
			  </history>
      <volume>9</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
	  	  <fpage>72</fpage>
	  <lpage>77</lpage>
      <permissions>
		<license xlink:type="simple">
			<license-p>
			This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
			</license-p>
		</license>
	  </permissions>
	  <self-uri xlink:href="http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JVMAH/article-abstract/E749F1263579">
		This article is available from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JVMAH/article-abstract/E749F1263579	  </self-uri>
	  <self-uri xlink:href="http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JVMAH/article-full-text-pdf/E749F1263579">
		The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JVMAH/article-full-text-pdf/E749F1263579	  </self-uri>
	  
      <abstract><![CDATA[A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Kemissie, Dawa Cheffa District to estimate the prevalence and identify possible risk factors for the disease in the study area. Animal identification based on age, sex, breed and body condition score and management system of the study animals were taken into account followed by coprological examination for the presence of the developmental stages of parasites or parasite in naturally infected cattle. For this purpose, four hundred and five randomly selected animals were examined during the study period out of which 75 (18.5%) were found positive for schistosomiasis based on fecal examination. Variation together with age and sex of animals did not show statistical significance (Pgt;0.05) in the disease occurrence. However, the prevalence of the disease was highest in young animals (23.14%), followed by adults (17.61%) and least in old animals (15.49%). On the other hand, statistical significant association (Plt;0.05) was seen with the variation of breeds, body condition score and management systems in the disease occurrence. In conclusion, relatively moderate prevalence (18.5%) was recorded in and around Kemissie and based on the results obtained, recommendations were forwarded.

	 

	Key words: Cattle, coproscopy, Kemissie, prevalence, Schistosomiasis.]]></abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
      <body/>
    <back>
		<ref-list>
			<title>References</title>
						<ref id="ref1">
				<label>1</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Ameni G, Erko B, Bogale T (2001). Preliminary study on the major bovine trematode infection around Kemissie, Northeastern Ethiopia and treatment trial with praziquantel. Bull. Anim. Health. Prod. Afr. 49:62-67.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref2">
				<label>2</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Cheng TC (1986).General Parasitology, 2nd edition, Academic Press, Medical University of South Carolina, Charlton. pp. 332-342.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref3">
				<label>3</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Chhabra MB, Singla LD (2009). Food-borne parasitic zoonoses in India: Review of recent reports of human infections. J. Vet. Parasitol. 23(2):103-110.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref4">
				<label>4</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[De launta A, Habel RE (1986). Applied Veterinary Anatomy. W.B. Saunders Company. USA.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref5">
				<label>5</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Foreyt WJ (2001). Veterinary Parasitology Reference Manual, 5th edition, Black well,Lowa State University Press, Washington DC, USA. P 3.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref6">
				<label>6</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Fromsa A, Meharenet B, Mekibib B (2011). Major Trematode Infections of Cattle Slaughtered at Jimma Municipality Abattoir and the Occurrence of the IntermediateHosts in Selected Water Bodies of the Zone. J.Anim. Vet. Adv. 10(12):1592-1597.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref7">
				<label>7</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Gebrecherkos, Berihun A (2012). Prevalence of bovine fascilosis in municipal Abattoir of Adigrat, Tigray, Ethiopia. Mekelle University College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle Ethiopia.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref8">
				<label>8</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Getachew T, Tesfu K, Berhanu E, Legesse W, Ahmed A, Nega B, Girmay M (2006). Pilot control of fasciolosis and related animal fluke infections by the use of Endod and reduced morbidity: I pre-intervention studies. Ethiop. vet. J. 10(1):67-70.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref9">
				<label>9</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Gupta SK, Singla LD (2012). Diagnostic trends in parasitic diseases of animals. In: Veterinary Diagnostics: Current Trends. Gupta RP, Garg SR, Nehra V and Lather D (Eds), Satish Serial Publishing House, Delhi. pp. 81-112.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref10">
				<label>10</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Habtamu A, Mariam SW (2011). Repeated simple sedimentation technique and prevalence of bovine schistosomosis in selected sites of Bahir Dar woreda. Ethiop. Vet. J.15(1).
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref11">
				<label>11</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Hansen J, Perry B (1993). The Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Helminth Parasites of Ruminants, 2nd edition, published by the ILRAD, Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 40-41.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref12">
				<label>12</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[McCauley EH, Majid AA, Tayeb A (1984). Economic evaluation of the production impact of bovine schistosomiasis and vaccination in the Sudan.Preven. Vet. Med. 2(6):735-754.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref13">
				<label>13</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[McManus DP, Li Y, Gray DJ, Ross AG. (2009). Conquering snail fever: schistosomiasis and its control in China. Exp. Rev.Anti-infect.Ther. 7(4): 473-485.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref14">
				<label>14</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development(MoARD)(2013).Major challenges and Achievements in Ethiopian Livestock production.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref15">
				<label>15</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Nicholson MJ, Butterworth MH (1986). A Guide to Body Condition Scoring in Zebu Cattle. International Livestock Center for Africa (ILCA). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref16">
				<label>16</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[OZARD (2006). Annual Report, Oromya Zone Agricultural and Rural Development Department, Amhara Regional State, Kemmisse. P 19.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref17">
				<label>17</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Ravindran R, Lakshmanan B, Ravishankar C, Subramanian H (2007). Research note. Visceral schistosomiasis among domestic ruminants slaughtered in Wayanad, South India. Southeast Asian J. Trop.Med. Public Health 38(6):1008.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref18">
				<label>18</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Smyth JD (2005). Animal Parasitology. Cambridge University Press.3rd edition. London. P 236.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref19">
				<label>19</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Solomon W, Abebe W (2007). Effects of a strategy antehelmtic treatment intervention bovine fasciolosis. A conducted in facilities in endemic area in north western Ethiopia. Vet. J. 11(2):59-68.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref20">
				<label>20</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Soulsby EJL (2006). Helminths, Arthropods, and Protozoas of Domestic Animals. 7th edition. London. P 72.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref21">
				<label>21</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Thrusfield M (2005). Veterinary Epidemiology.2nd edition, UK, Blackwell Sci. pp. 228-247.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref22">
				<label>22</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Upadahayay AKU (2005). Textbook of Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 1st edition. pp. 380-381.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref23">
				<label>23</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Urquhart GM, Armour J, Duncan JL, Jennings FW (1996). Veterinary helminthology: Veterinary Parasitology. New York, Churchill: Livingstone Inc. pp. 114-116.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref24">
				<label>24</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Vercruysse J, Claerebout E(2001). Treatment vs non-treatment of helminth infections in cattle: defining the threshold. Vet. parasitol. 98(1):195-214
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
					</ref-list>
	</back>
    </article>