Considerations for additional tools in ecosystems management: Lessons from Zambia
January 2015
Formal institutional ecosystems management has been in existence since the creation of the Yellowstone National Park in the United States of America in 1872. Subsequently, many countries, including Zambia have evolved both legislative and policy frameworks for protecting various ecosystems. This move implied creating institutions to manage such areas accompanied by a statute to police the given area. Offenders are...
Species diversity and regeneration of Tilonj Oak (Quercus floribunda Lindl.) dominated forests of Nainital in Kumaun Himalaya
January 2015
The present study deals with species diversity, and regeneration of Quercus floribunda Lindl forest lies in moist temperate sites in Nainital of Kumaun Himalaya. Tree, sapling and seedling density was 490-1190, 260-1280 and 100-670 ind.ha-1, respectively. The species diversity of trees and shrubs density ranged from 0.421 to 1.177 and 310 to 1540 ind.ha-1. The regeneration of Q. floribunda was J-shaped in forest site-1...
Attitudes and perceptions of the local people towards benefits and conflicts they get from conservation of the Bale Mountains National Park and Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), Ethiopia
January 2015
A study to examine the attitudes and awareness of the local communities towards conservation values of the park, its flora and fauna with particular emphasis on mountain nyala was carried out in the Bale Mountains National Park in 2007. The study specifically investigated how attitudes vary with different groups of people involved in either recent or long term settlements; people with different livelihood strategies and...
Distribution study of some species of spontaneous Flora in two Saharan Regions of the North-East of Algeria (Ouargla and Ghardaïa)
January 2015
The botanical and edaphic inventory investigations of the spontaneous flora distribution in the regions of Ouargla and Ghardaïa revealed the presence of 56 taxa of which 32 were ephemeral and 24 vivacious. The sweeping operation of 6 stations over these two regions showed an abundant richness estimated to 39 species localized mainly in the beds of Wadis and distributed as follows: Reg (19), Sebkha (7), Erg (6) and...
Livestock loss by the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in and around a waste dumping site in Northern Ethiopia
January 2015
Human-carnivore conflict is one of the leading constraints to biodiversity conservation efforts. We investigated livestock depredation in two sub districts (Debre-Genet and Debre Tsehay) that were located nearby a waste dump and in two sub districts (Worki-Amba and Dabanow) that were located far from the waste dump. We hypothesized that livestock depredation would be higher in villages located close to waste dumping...
Screening of onion genotypes against Thrips tabaci Lind. in Central India
December 2014
Twenty-two (22) genotypes of onion (Allium cepa Lin.) was screened against Thrips tabaci Lind. in the experimental field of Department of Horticulture Maharajpur, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India during late wet season in the year 2010-11. The incidence of T. tabaci was observed from 45th standard metrological week (SMW) to 3rd SMW, that is, from transplanting till harvesting, in...
Natural resource use conflict in Bale Mountains National Park, Southeast Ethiopia
December 2014
Conflict over natural resources including wildlife, forest, land and water is common particularly in developing countries. It is extremely difficult to sustainably manage a resource if it is under conflict. This study aimed to assess the causes of resource use conflict in Bale Mountains National Park and attitudes of local community towards the Park. Finally, to find measures to reduce resource use conflict. This study...
Assessment of the trees diversity at the edge of stream and forest road in Shast Kalateh district
December 2014
This study was conducted in an uneven aged deciduous natural forest of Hyrcanian zone to evaluate the status of trees diversity at the edge of streams and forest road. Transects were established parallel to road and perpendicular to stream and then all regenerations and trees were counted in circular plots on each transect. Past software was used to apply Shannon biodiversity index, Margalef richness index and Camargo...
Vegetation diversity and soil nutrient status of submergence zone of hydroelectric project in Srinagar of Garhwal Himalayas, India
December 2014
The aim of the present study was to assess vegetation diversity and soil nutrients status in submergence zone of hydroelectric project in Srinagar Garhwal Himalaya. The information on submergence zone was taken from hydroelectric project (HEP), the height of the dam is 93 m and subsequently submergence zone area will be developed. The submergence zone is presently under open condition and soon after completion of...
Comparative study of shrub diversity in lower Dachigam Kashmir Himalaya
December 2014
The present study was conducted in two different ecosystems, that is, Site I (village site) and Site II (protected site) in the lower part of Dachigam National Park (Jammu and Kashmir) in all seasons during 2010-2011. Site I is located towards the periphery of the National Park near habitations and is under heavy grazing pressures while Site II is located inside the National Park with mild interferences and is a...
Assessment of genetic diversity of a critically endangered important medicinal plant Chlorophytum borivilianum in different agro-climatic regions of India revealed by random amplified polymorphic primer (DNA Marker)
December 2014
Chlorophytum borivilianum (Family: Liliaceae), an important threatened medicinal herb is designated as ‘Rare’ in Red Data Book of Indian plants. In this study, random amplified polymorphic primer DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity in six genotypes of C. borivilianum collected from different geographical regions of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand. Out of the 86 bands, 45 were...
Physico-chemical parameters and Ichthyofauna diversity of Arasalar Estuary in Southeast coast of India
December 2014
Physico-chemical changes may have the tendency to accumulate in the various organs of estuarine organisms, especially fish which may in turn enter into the human metabolism through consumption causing serious hazards. Hence, the present study was carried out to determine the physic-chemical characteristics of water and Ichthyofauna in Arasalar Estuary in Southeast coast of India for the period of one year from September...
Population structure and regeneration status of Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkm. after selective and clear felling in Kibale National Park, Uganda
December 2014
Prunus africana is a globally threatened indigenous medicinal tree species, and food for many primates. Its population has declined in Sub-Saharan Africa due to unsustainable harvest and poor protection. In this study, we determined the population density, population structure and regeneration status of P. africana in the former clear felled, selectively logged and primary forests of Kibale National Park, and assessed...
Grey parrot Psittacus harvesting for conservation must have a robust scientific basis: A response to Tamungang et al. (2013)
November 2014
Estimates of population sizes forms many aspects of conservation policy and planning, including IUCN Red List decisions and CITE decisions on trade in endangered species. For population size estimates to be useful to decision-makers, it is critical that they are made using appropriate methods and that when reported, sources of uncertainty and systematic bias are discussed and accounted for in the conclusions. A failure...
Conservation and historical biogeography: How did the mountain chicken frog get to the Caribbean?
November 2014
Leptodactylus fallax, commonly known as the mountain chicken frog, is a large terrestrial frog currently found on two islands in the Caribbean. Habitat destruction, overhunting and disease outbreaks have contributed to declining population numbers. In order to identify appropriate conservation strategies, the historic geographic distribution of this frog must first be determined. Because no archeological evidence...
Composition and stand structure of a regenerating tropical rainforest ecosystem in South-western Nigeria
November 2014
The dynamics of forest regeneration in a tropical rainforest ecosystem in South-western Nigeria as exemplified by International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Forest Reserve, Ibadan, Nigeria was assessed. Twenty-four sample plots of 25 × 25 m each were used to assess all plants ≥ 5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) (1.3 m) in each plot for density, height, dbh and frequency. Detrended Correspondence...
Availability and size class distribution of the most popular Indigenous fruits trees and implications for sustainable harvest around the Ivindo National Park, Gabon
November 2014
A study was carried out in “the often” and “the rarely” harvested locations of the Ivindo National Park (Gabon) to determine the availability, height and Diameter at breast height (DBH) size class distributions of Coula edulis, Dacriodes buettneri and Irvingia gabonensis, the three most popular Indigenous fruits (IFs) used by local people for meeting their livelihoods needs around the Ivindo...
Invasive weed risk assessment of three potential bioenergy fuel species
November 2014
Bioenergy crops are potential renewable sources of bio-diesel which have low emission profiles, environmentally beneficial, and capable of substituting petro-diesel. However, since most of them are introduced or are not native, it is essential to reduce the ecological and economic consequences of invasive pest introductions and the potential invasiveness of species not yet introduced. The Australian Weed Risk Assessment...
Attitudes of Maasai pastoralists towards the conservation of large carnivores in the Loliondo Game Controlled Area of Northern Tanzania
November 2014
Attitudes towards the conservation of lions, leopards, cheetah, spotted hyenas and African wild dogs were assessed in the Loliondo Game Controlled Area of northern Tanzania in January 2013. Our survey encompassed 181 individuals each representing onehousehold, of which 30 were chosen randomly from six Maasai pastoralist villages. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to acquire the required information from the...
Woody species diversity under natural forest patches and adjacent enset-coffee based Agroforestry in the Midland of Sidama Zone, Ethiopia
October 2014
Agroforestry lands will be the most beneficial to the long-term preservation of biodiversity through preserving native species of plants and animals in tropical countries. Despites its vital roles, the contributions of agroforests and forest patches for biodiversity conservation in Ethiopia have few studded. The aim of this study was to investigate status of woody species diversity in natural forest patches and adjacent...
A review of potential use of geo-information technologies for cotton supply chain management
October 2014
In this paper, we provided an overview of the cotton supply chain management (SCM) and its processes including their inputs/ and outputs. The components of cotton SCM were discussed with their influencing factors. Additionally, we searched relevant literature on the potential use of Geographical Information Technologies (GITs) in cotton supply chain management. According to our findings, there is no study on the...
Water quality assessment of Labo and Clarin Rivers in Misamis Occidental, Philippines
October 2014
Labo and Clarin rivers are very important to many communities in Misamis Occidental, Philippines. Hundreds of people living near the two rivers depend on these waters for domestic and industrial purposes. This study was conducted to assess the water quality of two major river systems, Clarin and Labo rivers in Misamis Occidental, Philippines. Physico-chemical and biological parameters were assessed in three different...
Research and policy framework for conservation and utilization of edible bamboo in northeast India
October 2014
India harbours large bamboo germplasm and most bamboo growth in the country are through human interventions, particularly in the hilly environment. The local communities’ associate greater sense of ethics towards this group of plants and are also consumed on a day-to-day basis in different forms. Thus, edible bamboo species gains significance both culturally as well as on economic terms. The strengths...
Qualitative study of epilithic algal diversity spectrum in Lidder stream of Lidder Valley (Kashmir Himalayas)
October 2014
The present study was carried out in Lidder stream in Lidder Valley of Kashmir Himalayas, to show a typical taxonomic composition of epilithic algae. The epilithic algal community was represented by 144 taxa belonging to four classes namely, Bacillariophyceae with104 species (72%), Chlorophyceae with 19 species (13%), Cyanophyceae with 12 species (8%), Euglenophyceae with 4 species (3%) and Phylum Protozoa with 3...
The impact of crop raiding by wild animals in communities surrounding the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
September 2014
Crop damage is a serious source of conflict in communities adjacent to protected areas. Data on crop raiding were collected through questionnaires in villages at different distances from the Serengeti National Park in northern Tanzania. Multiple response analyses were used to calculate the frequencies of the types of crops damaged, the levels of crops growth when damaged and the estimated economic losses caused per...
Genetic diversity of qualitative traits of barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) landrace populations collected from Gamo Highlands of Ethiopia
September 2014
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has great adaptability to a wide range of environments. To determine genetic diversity in barley landraces, a total of 43 landrace populations were randomly sampled from the farmers’ field on plant basis and characterized for eight qualitative traits; namely, kernel row number, spike density, lemma awn barb, glume color, lemma type, length of rachila hair, kernel covering and...
Sustaining Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae), a CITES listing tree species in the Teza Forest, Kibira National Park, Burundi
September 2014
Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae)/Pygeum or African cherry is a mountain tree species of the tropical Africa. Prunus bark is exported dried, chipped or powdered to USA and Europe to produce an extract used to treat benign prostrate hyperplasia. The plant is considered as vulnerable and is listed in appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES). This...
The state of biodiversity in Ghana: Knowledge gaps and prioritization
September 2014
Biodiversity conservation in tropical countries is of great importance due to high levels of endemism. Over the past century, Ghana has reserved over 300 ecologically important areas for biodiversity conservation, and a national strategy for this purpose has been developed under the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity. However, inadequate relevant information has been a drawback to implementation....
The effects of power lines on ungulates and implications for power line routing and rights-of-way management
September 2014
Thousands of kilometres of power lines exist and more are planned. Ungulates that range over large areas are likely to encounter power lines, but a synthesis of power line effects on ungulates is lacking. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are suspected to avoid power lines up to distances of 4 km. In contrast, some forest ungulates preferentially forage in power line rights-of-way, cleared areas under power lines....
Smallholder farmers’ practices and perception of forest, soil and water conservation Technologies in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
August 2014
Africa has indigenous natural resource management practices that have been existing many years ago among many diverse ethnic groups. Exploration of such practices can substantially contribute to the nature conservation and welfare improvement in predominately rural areas like the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. On account of this postulation, this paper reviews selected case studies on indigenous natural resource...
Seasonal botanical characteristics of the diets of Grant’s (Gazella granti Brooke) and Thomson’s (Gazella Thomsoni Guenther) in the dryland habitats of south-central, Kenya
August 2014
Understanding of dietary requirements of different wildlife populations is critical in wildlife habitat conservation especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where wildlife contributes much to the National GDP of many countries. This study was conducted to determine the seasonal (wet/dry) diet profiles of Thomson’s and Grant’s gazelles (Gazella Thomson and Gazella granti) in the Athi-Kapiti savannah ecosystem of...
Rare tree species in nurseries across the Visayas, Philippines
August 2014
Rare tree species make a significant contribution to the species richness in natural tropical forests but often they are endangered. Integrating them into plantation schemes is an important option for biodiversity conservation. In the Visayas, Philippines, we surveyed tree nurseries with a focus on 20 rare native species. Including the focal species, we found a total of 138 tree species in nurseries of which 73% were...
Biodiversity of mushrooms in Patharia forest of Sagar (M.P.)-III
August 2014
Patharia forest is situated on Vindhyan ranges at about 457.2-533.4 m above msl. It is mixed and dry deciduous type, dominated by Acacia species, Butea monosperma, Tectona grandis and ground flora consisting of Biophytum sensitivum, Cassia tora, Cynodon dactylon, Euphorbia geniculata, Heteropogon contortus, Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, etc. During the period of July 2011-July...
Species diversity and habitat association of butterflies around 30 km radius of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant area of Tamil Nadu, India
August 2014
A detailed study on the butterfly species diversity was carried around 30 km radius of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant area, Tirunelveli, India during 2011-2013. The survey yielded 6347 individuals of 64 species, belonging to the families Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Papilionidae and Hesperiidae. A total of 64 species of butterflies belonging to 47 genera were recorded. The relative abundance was high for...
Diurnal activity patterns of Burchell’s zebra (Equus quagga, Gray 1824) in Yabello Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Ethiopia
August 2014
A study on the diurnal activity pattern of Burchell’s zebra (Equus quagga, Gray 1824) was carried out in the Yabello Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Ethiopia during October 2009 to March 2010 including wet and dry seasons. Scan sampling methods were used to collect the data peaks in daily activity that occurred in early morning, mid day and late afternoon. Data on activity time budget were analyzed by assessing time...
Diversity of life-forms within Sapindaceae Juss. in West Africa and Western Cameroon: A field guide
August 2014
One of the major challenges faced by biologist during field studies is the identification of plant species and this is most evident in the tropics where biodiversity richness is very high. Hence this study was conducted in order to document and produce a guide for the identification of the diversity of life forms that represents the family Sapindaceae in West Africa. In view of this, plant exploration was carried out in...
Biodiversity in Khajjiar Lake of Himachal Pradesh, India: Threats and conservation
July 2014
Faunal resources of Kalatop-Khajjiar sanctuary, which is one of the oldest preserved forests of the state are under severe anthropogenic pressure and need urgent attention of the field biologists as it is one of the most favoured tourist destinations in Himachal Pradesh. Biodiversity of Khajjiar area of Himachal Pradesh has 223 species of different faunal groups (invertebrates and 100 vertebrates), comprised of 93...
The pattern and cost of carnivore predation on livestock in maasai homesteads of Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya: Insights from a carnivore compensation programme
July 2014
Several papers have been written on the experiences, successes and challenges facing compensation schemes for wildlife, some of whom criticize the strategy while others support it. What is clear among the Maasai is that the burden of conserving wildlife, particularly predators that roam freely on their land and predate upon their livestock, is too great to bear: support in terms of financial compensation and...
Diversity, distribution, indigenous uses and conservation prioritization of the economically important floristic diversity in Nadaun Block of Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh
July 2014
The present study was carried out in 11 representative villages in Nadaun Block of Hamirpur district in Himachal Pradesh. Total 265 economically important species belonging to 81 families and 211 genera includes 78 species of trees, 46 shrubs and 141 herbs were records. The dominant families were Poaceae (20 species); Fabaceae (18 species) and Asteraceae (14 species). Twenty eight (28) families were monotypic. The...
Analysis of human activities in and around protected areas (PAs): Case of Kakum conservation area in Ghana
July 2014
This study was conducted around Kakum Conservation Area (KCA) to investigate the effect of human activities in 5 km belt of KCA on the ecological functioning and conservation of the PA, as well as effect of KCA on local livelihood. Supervised classification of multi-spectral ASTER imagery was used to determine land-use/cover types in the study area. Open ended questionnaires, group discussions and key informant...
Impact of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsly) A. Gray on the soil, species diversity and composition of vegetation in Ile-Ife (Southwestern Nigeria), Nigeria
July 2014
In Nigeria, most especially in the southwestern region, Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsly) A. Gray had been identified to be invasive following their introduction and fast spread, displacing the native species and affecting the soil nutrient status. Hence, we decided to evaluate the impact of T. diversifolia on the diversity and floristic compositions of native species and soil nutrient status of the invaded vegetation....
Endemic plant species composition and their status in Boda Dry Evergreen Montane Forest, West Showa, Ethiopia
July 2014
The present study was aimed to show the species compositions and their status in Boda forest Oromia Regional State, West Ethiopia. Systematic sampling method was used to collected vegetation data from 60 plots of 20 x 20 m (400 m2) quadrats laid at every 50 m along five transect lines from south-north direction was employed for the analysis of woody species using compass and subplots of 1 x 1 m at the four corners and...
The impacts of human activities on tree species richness and diversity in Kakamega Forest, Western Kenya
June 2014
Tropical rain forests are species rich ecosystems that are being depleted at very high rates through human encroachment. Kakamega forest is one of the heavily fragmented and disturbed tropical rain forests due to the high human population densities that surround the forest. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of human activities on tree species richness, diversity, canopy surface area and seedling...
Medicinal plants in the high mountains of northern Jordan
June 2014
The status of medicinal plants in the high mountains of northern Jordan was evaluated. A total of 227 plant species belonging to 54 genera and 60 families were recorded. The survey is based on field trips conducted in the areas that include Salt, Jarash, Balka, Amman and Irbid governorates. Line transect method was used; collection of plant species was done and voucher specimens were deposited. A map for the target area...
Phenological patterns among the vegetation of Ganga Chotti and Bedori Hills in a moist temperate to alpine forests
June 2014
There were 206 plant species of 47 families consisting of 10 trees, 18 shrubs, 140 herbs and 38 grasses harbouring Ganga Chotti and Bedori Hills during 1999 and 2000. The investigated area had two flowering seasons. In the first spell, 111 species (54%) flowered while in the second spell, 46% species flowered. Majority of the herbaceous, shrubby trees species flowered from May to June and the flowering reached the peak...
Environmental factors influencing structure and distribution of east African green heart (Warburgia ugandensis Sprague) in Mt. Kenya Forest
June 2014
Effects from past climate, natural disturbances and human activities are significantly impacting negatively on current day processes in tropical indigenous trees forests. Most of the indigenous trees mostly hard woods have been logged by human activities. Warburgia ugandensis is a tree that is highly valued for its medicinal properties, timber, poles and fuel wood. Consequently, its population and distribution has been...
Factors affecting local ecological knowledge and perceived threat to the kori bustard (Ardeotis kori struthiunculus) in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Northern Tanzania
June 2014
This study examines local tribal knowledge regarding the ecology of the kori bustard (Ardeotis kori struthiunculus) and assessed threats to this species in Northern Serengeti communities. A picture of an indigenous kori bustard was presented to survey participants in villages in the study area. General knowledge on the kori bustard was tested in relation to the bird’s general habitat, nesting habitat, food and...
Fungi from submerged plant debris in aquatic habitats in Iraq
June 2014
An annotated checklist and table of the substrate type for the past and updated fungal species recorded from various submerged plant debris in aquatic habitats of Iraq are provided. Sixty seven (67) species of freshwater and marine fungi occurring in different types of plant debris collected from various locations of Iraq were registered. These include: 46 species of ascomycota, 19 species of hyphomycetes and two...
Distribution of soil types, vegetation and tree species diversity in Eastern Ghats of Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India
June 2014
The present investigation was carried out on distribution of soil types, vegetation and tree species diversity in Eastern Ghats of Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The inventory of tree species was done in 40 different forest areas of Srikakulam district. All the sample plots are tropical and moist thorny forest and dry thorny scrub forests of Srikakulam district. The soils of the study area are compressed...
The composition and diversity of net zooplankton species in a tropical water body (Bhoj Wetland) of Bhopal, India
May 2014
The aim of the present study was to determine the species diversity and abundance of net zooplankton in samples collected from Bhoj wetland, Bhopal, India. A total of 82 species of zooplankton were identified, among them, 66 species were recorded during the first year (2008-09) and 70 species were documented during the second year (2009-10) of the study period. In the first year, Rotifera recorded the highest number of...
Page 7 of 15, showing 50 records out of 705 total, starting on record 301, ending on 350
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