<!DOCTYPE article
  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.0 20040830//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/2.0/journalpublishing.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="2.0" xml:lang="EN">
  <front>    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title>Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2141-2316</issn>      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Academic Journals</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5897/JPHE2016.0873</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title><![CDATA[Internal medicine resident knowledge and perceptions regarding electronic cigarettes]]></article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Ramy</surname>
            <given-names>Sedhom</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Abishek</surname>
            <given-names>Sarkar</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Sahil</surname>
            <given-names>Parikh</given-names>
	          </name>	
        	        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
		<corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">sedhomr@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
      	<day>30</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <history>
      			<date date-type="received">
			<day>16</day>
			<month>09</month>
			<year>2016</year>
		</date>
						<date date-type="accepted">
			<day>17</day>
			<month>10</month>
			<year>2016</year>
		</date>
			  </history>
      <volume>8</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
	  	  <fpage>311</fpage>
	  <lpage>315</lpage>
      <permissions>
		<license xlink:type="simple">
			<license-p>
			This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
			</license-p>
		</license>
	  </permissions>
	  <self-uri xlink:href="http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JPHE/article-abstract/48758DE61216">
		This article is available from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JPHE/article-abstract/48758DE61216	  </self-uri>
	  <self-uri xlink:href="http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JPHE/article-full-text-pdf/48758DE61216">
		The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JPHE/article-full-text-pdf/48758DE61216	  </self-uri>
	  
      <abstract><![CDATA[Electronic cigarettes are an important public health concern. Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and morbidity worldwide and is a risk factor for six of the eight leading global causes of death. E-cigarettes have been proposed as an enticing prospect to reduce the harms of conventional tobacco use. However, they are increasingly used by middle-school and high-school students and threaten important barriers that have slowly protected the public against tobacco products including renormalization, price barriers, limitations on advertising and access, and bans on flavoring. Physicians have poor knowledge about the potential harms of e-cigarettes and limited data exists regarding potential long-term outcomes. We explored resident physician beliefs and practices regarding e-cigarettes. Several themes were identified: (1) Conversations regarding e-cigarettes are becoming more frequent in physician offices; (2) A lack of knowledge regarding potential harms and benefits of e-cigarettes exists among resident physicians; (3) Physicians falsely believe that e-cigarettes are safer alternatives to conventional smoking products; (4) More education is needed regarding evidence based smoking cessation techniques.

	Key words: Electronic cigarettes, public health, nicotine, smoking.]]></abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
      <body/>
    <back>
		<ref-list>
			<title>References</title>
						<ref id="ref1">
				<label>1</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Brandon T, Goniewicz M, Hanna N Dorothy K, Herbst R, Hobin J, Ostroff J, Shields P, Toll B, Tyne C, Viswanath K, Warren G (2015). Electronic delivery systems: a policy statement from the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinic Oncology. J. Clin. Oncol. 33(8):952-963.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref2">
				<label>2</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). E-cigarettes: An emerging public health challenge. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref3">
				<label>3</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Crowley RA (2015). For the Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians Electronic nicotine delivery systems: executive summary of a policy position paper from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 162:583-584.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref4">
				<label>4</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Duke JC, Lee YO, Kim AE, Watson KA, Arnold KY, Nonnemaker JM, Porter L (2014). Exposure to electronic cigarette television advertisements among youth and young adults. Pediatrics 134:29-36.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref5">
				<label>5</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Kotandeniya D, Pillsbury M, Chen M, Ransom B, Vogel R, Thompson E, Murphy S, Hatsukami D (2015). Evaluation of toxicant and Carcinogen metabolites in the urine of e-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 17(6):704-709.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref6">
				<label>6</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Kalkhoran S, Glantz SA (2016). E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Respir. 4:116-128.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref7">
				<label>7</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Kim JW, Baum CR (2015). Liquid nicotine toxicity. Pediatric Emerg Care; 31: 517-521.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref8">
				<label>8</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Noel JK, Rees VW, Connoly GN (2011). Electronic cigarettes: a new tobacco industry? Tob Control. 20(1): 81.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref9">
				<label>9</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Pearson JL, Richardson A, Niaura RS, Vallone DM, Abrams DB (2012). E-cigarette awareness, use and harm perceptions in US adults. Am. J. Public Health 102: 1758-1766.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref10">
				<label>10</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Wang MPI, Ho SY, Leung L (2016). Electronic cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. JAMA Pediatr. Jan 1:170:89.]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
						<ref id="ref11">
				<label>11</label>
				<mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple">
				<![CDATA[Yamin C, Bitton A, Bates D (2010). E-Cigarettes: A rapidly growing Internet phenomenon. Ann. Int. Med. 153(9): 607-609.
					]]>
				</mixed-citation>
			</ref>
					</ref-list>
	</back>
    </article>