Journal of Entomology and Nematology 2006-9855 Academic Journals 10.5897/JEN2025.0296 Rhoda Mavuka Nilton Mashavakure Priviledge Tungamirai Makunde Tafadzwa Mahere Kingsley Madziwa Betty Mawire Arnold Bray Mashingaidze * E-mail: rmavuka@kutsaga.co.zw 2025 31 10 2025 30 08 2025 13 11 2025 17 2 23 32 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JEN/article-abstract/FC3B17F74000 The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/JEN/article-full-text-pdf/FC3B17F74000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53