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  <front>    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title>International Journal of English and Literature</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2141-2626</issn>      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Academic Journals</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5897/IJEL2015.0856</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title><![CDATA[Metaphors in political discourse: A review of selected studies]]></article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Raphael</surname>
            <given-names>Francis Otieno</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Francis</surname>
            <given-names>Rew Owino</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Judith</surname>
            <given-names>Miguda Attyang</given-names>
	          </name>	
        	        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
		<corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">otienoraphael2010@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
      	<day>29</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <history>
      			<date date-type="received">
			<day>22</day>
			<month>09</month>
			<year>2015</year>
		</date>
						<date date-type="accepted">
			<day>11</day>
			<month>01</month>
			<year>2016</year>
		</date>
			  </history>
      <volume>7</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
	  	  <fpage>21</fpage>
	  <lpage>26</lpage>
      <permissions>
		<license xlink:type="simple">
			<license-p>
			This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
			</license-p>
		</license>
	  </permissions>
	  <self-uri xlink:href="http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/IJEL/article-abstract/DDF528756920">
		This article is available from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/IJEL/article-abstract/DDF528756920	  </self-uri>
	  <self-uri xlink:href="http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/IJEL/article-full-text-pdf/DDF528756920">
		The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/IJEL/article-full-text-pdf/DDF528756920	  </self-uri>
	  
      <abstract><![CDATA[The use of metaphors in political discourse is a linguistic strategy that has been used all over the world. Studies on metaphor have therefore been done in various parts of the world. This paper reviewed studies on metaphor in political discourse to assess the role metaphor played in political discourse. It aimed to contribute to the field of metaphor in political discourse by reviewing studies done in this field. The study aimed to show that a metaphor as a linguistic tool could be manipulated both for pragmatic and strategic reasons. The review showed that metaphors were used to help the voting public to make sense of different political issues and therefore to express their general attitudes towards politics. Further, they helped to make citizens identify with and understand their beliefs and goals for their country. The mapping principle of source and target domains was further used by the politicians to fulfill their persuasive and rhetorical goals in political discourse. Apart from being used as a face-saving strategy, the review showed that metaphors also revealed speakersrsquo; ideological positions.

	Key words: Politics, political discourse, cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphor.]]></abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
      <body/>
    <back>
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