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  <front>    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title>International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2141-243X</issn>      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Academic Journals</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5897/IJBC2023.1579</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title><![CDATA[Effect of density and management of oil palm plantations on the avifauna of Southeastern Sierra Leone]]></article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>James</surname>
            <given-names>Feika</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Patrick</surname>
            <given-names>Dauda</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Aiah</surname>
            <given-names>Lebbie</given-names>
	          </name>	
        		        	<name name-style="western">
	            <surname>Richard</surname>
            <given-names>Wadsworth</given-names>
	          </name>	
        	        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
		<corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">jamesfeika2013@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
      	<day>31</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <history>
      			<date date-type="received">
			<day>06</day>
			<month>01</month>
			<year>2023</year>
		</date>
						<date date-type="accepted">
			<day>14</day>
			<month>11</month>
			<year>2023</year>
		</date>
			  </history>
      <volume>15</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
	  	  <fpage>145</fpage>
	  <lpage>154</lpage>
      <permissions>
		<license xlink:type="simple">
			<license-p>
			This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
			</license-p>
		</license>
	  </permissions>
	  <self-uri xlink:href="http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/IJBC/article-abstract/023993171525">
		This article is available from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/IJBC/article-abstract/023993171525	  </self-uri>
	  <self-uri xlink:href="http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/IJBC/article-full-text-pdf/023993171525">
		The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/IJBC/article-full-text-pdf/023993171525	  </self-uri>
	  
      <abstract><![CDATA[Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a tropical perennial plant that provides most of the vegetable oil traded internationally. Although native to Africa, oil palm is grown throughout the humid tropics, and the largest producers are now in Southeast Asia. In many regions of cultivation, oil palm has been identified as a leading cause of deforestation and biodiversity loss. In Sierra Leone, oil palm grows wild in secondary forest and fallow land, as well as in plantations; research into its impact on biodiversity is limited. The effects of natural (wild) and plantation oil palm on the avifauna of southeastern Sierra Leone was examined. Over a two-year period, point-count surveys of birds were conducted on six occasions during the wet and dry seasons. Four plots were established in each of the six land-use types: Primary Forest, secondary forest, farm-bush with few oil palms, farm-bush with many oil palms, small plantations and larger plantations. Results from the study suggest that small-scale oil palm plantations, even under traditional low-intensity management, have a reduced avifauna compared to farm-bush. The difference between secondary forest and farm-bush is small, suggesting that traditional management of oil palm as a ldquo;non-timber forest productrdquo; is less detrimental to biodiversity.

	 

	Key words:  Natural oil palm plantations, birds, biodiversity/conservation, farm bush.]]></abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
      <body/>
    <back>
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