Botswana Journal of Economics 1810-0163 Academic Journals 10.5897/BOJE2024.0020 Akingbade Afolajimi Ojapinwa Taiwo * E-mail: jimiakingbade@yahoo.co.uk 2025 31 07 2025 12 11 2024 10 07 2025 17 1 1 13 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/BOJE/article-abstract/AF8AF9E73509 The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/BOJE/article-full-text-pdf/AF8AF9E73509 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64