African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 1996-0786 Academic Journals 10.5897/AJEST2025.3428 Ansoumane DIEDHIOU Clestin SAMBOU Mamadou Seydou BA Babacar BADJI Ammar BENSAKHRIA * E-mail: ansoumane.diedhiou@univ-zig.sn 2025 31 12 2025 10 10 2025 03 12 2025 19 12 464 472 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/AJEST/article-abstract/48ED25E74117 The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://politicalwaffle.uk/journal/AJEST/article-full-text-pdf/48ED25E74117 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13